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Chapter 9 - The anterior abdominal wall and peritoneum
- from Section 2 - Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis
- Edited by Paul Butler, Adam Mitchell, Jeremiah C. Healy
-
- Book:
- Applied Radiological Anatomy
- Published online:
- 05 November 2012
- Print publication:
- 05 July 2012, pp 134-149
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Summary
Radiographic anatomy
Anterior abdominal wall
Plain film radiography (Fig. 9.1) is not used to evaluate the anterior abdominal wall.
Peritoneum
Plain radiography (Fig. 9.1) has been superseded by cross-sectional imaging techniques and the peritoneal cavity is visualized only via contrast herniography (Fig. 9.2).
Cross-sectional anatomy
Cross-sectional imaging techniques optimally assess the anterior abdominal wall and peritoneum.
Anterior abdominal wall
US
Ultrasound is useful in evaluating focal masses in the anterior abdominal wall but does not demonstrate the anatomical relations as well as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
CT/MRI
CT and MRI provide excellent anatomical detail of the anterior abdominal wall in the axial plane.
MRI has superior soft-tissue contrast resolution but images can be degraded by respiratory artefact.
Peritoneum
US
Ultrasound is widely used to detect intraperitoneal collections, but is limited by bowel gas and body habitus.
CT/MRI
Contrast-enhanced CT (with or without oral contrast medium) is the method of choice to evaluate the peritoneal spaces, reflections and their contents.
MRI provides good visualization of the peritoneal spaces and reflections; however, bowel peristalsis and respiratory movement can degrade the images.
Series Foreword
-
- By Rodney H. Reznek, London
- Edited by Michael J. Michell
-
- Book:
- Breast Cancer
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 25 February 2010, pp ix-x
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations, and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options, and prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient, varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series foreword
-
- By Rodney H. Reznek, London
- Edited by Hero K. Hussain, Isaac R. Francis
-
- Book:
- Primary Carcinomas of the Liver
- Published online:
- 04 August 2010
- Print publication:
- 26 November 2009, pp ix-x
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time, it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations, and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options, and the prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging–A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors about which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which is dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognized expert guest editors, include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and others.
Although the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series Foreword
- Edited by Richard M. Gore, Northwestern University Medical School, Illinois
-
- Book:
- Gastric Cancer
- Published online:
- 31 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 19 November 2009, pp viii-viii
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- Chapter
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options, and prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging – A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site and edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series Foreword
-
- By Rodney H. Reznek, London
- Edited by Jay Heiken
-
- Book:
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp ix-ix
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options and prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging – A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series foreword
- Edited by Andy Adam, University of London, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Book:
- Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp xi-xii
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- Chapter
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time, it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations, and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options, and prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging – A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single-subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficiently varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series Foreword
- Edited by Hedvig Hricak, Peter Scardino
-
- Book:
- Prostate Cancer
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 20 November 2008, pp ix-x
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- Chapter
- Export citation
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options, and prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging – A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site and edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series Foreword
- Edited by Robert Hermans
-
- Book:
- Squamous Cell Cancer of the Neck
- Published online:
- 24 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 09 October 2008, pp vii-viii
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time, it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus, the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options and the prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging – A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series foreword
-
- By Rodney H. Reznek, London
- Edited by David MacVicar
-
- Book:
- Carcinoma of the Bladder
- Published online:
- 25 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 22 May 2008, pp ix-x
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- Chapter
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options and prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging – A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognised expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
7 - Imaging characteristics of unusual renal cancers
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- By Anju Sahdev, Consultant, Radiologist, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK, Rodney H. Reznek, Professor of Diagnostic Imaging, Cancer Imaging, Institute of Cancer, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
- Edited by Uday Patel, St George's Hospital, London
-
- Book:
- Carcinoma of the Kidney
- Published online:
- 08 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2007, pp 126-154
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Summary
Introduction
A wide variety of malignant neoplasms have been described in the kidney, but 90% of primary renal cancers are classified as renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) account for about 5%–8% of renal cancers; and nephroblastomas, sarcomas, lymphoma, and metastases commonly from breast, bronchus, and malignant melanoma account for a further 5% of renal cancers.
The increased use of ever-evolving cross-sectional imaging has resulted in early and incidental diagnosis of renal cancers. Up to 40% of renal tumors are now incidentally detected and at an earlier stage. For example, 82% of incidentally detected tumors are below stage pT3 compared with only 35% of symptomatic tumors and the disease-free and 5-year survival time is significantly better in lower stage tumors. These favorable prognostic features allow recent developments in localized lesion therapies such as ablation techniques, embolization and nephron-sparing surgery to be offered as practical treatment options to conventional nephrectomy. However, histological subtypes with a poor prognosis such as collecting duct carcinomas, sarcomas and TCCs are not suitable for these nephron-sparing treatment options. Lymphoma and metastatic lesions require systemic chemotherapy. Furthermore, although localized treatment may be offered to patients with locally advanced renal cancer and intractable hematuria in a palliative setting, recent developments in targeted chemotherapy may alter the approach to these patients (as discussed in Chapter 1). It is also important to know the histological subtype of the renal cancer prior to embarking on localized treatment options.
Series foreword
-
- By Rodney H. Reznek, London, Janet E. Husband, London
- Edited by Gina Brown
-
- Book:
- Colorectal Cancer
- Published online:
- 07 September 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2007, pp ix-x
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Series foreword
-
- By Rodney H. Reznek, London, Janet E. Husband, London
- Edited by Sheila C. Rankin
-
- Book:
- Carcinoma of the Esophagus
- Published online:
- 08 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2007, pp ix-x
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- Chapter
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Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time, it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations, and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options, and prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging: A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.
Series foreword
-
- By Rodney H. Reznek, London, Janet E. Husband, London
- Edited by Uday Patel, St George's Hospital, London
-
- Book:
- Carcinoma of the Kidney
- Published online:
- 08 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2007, pp ix-x
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Imaging has become pivotal in all aspects of the management of patients with cancer. At the same time it is acknowledged that optimal patient care is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach. The explosion of technological developments in imaging over the past years has meant that all members of the multidisciplinary team should understand the potential applications, limitations, and advantages of all the evolving and exciting imaging techniques. Equally, to understand the significance of the imaging findings and to contribute actively to management decisions and to the development of new clinical applications for imaging, it is critical that the radiologist should have sufficient background knowledge of different tumors. Thus the radiologist should understand the pathology, the clinical background, the therapeutic options, and the prognostic indicators of malignancy.
Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging: A Multidisciplinary Approach aims to meet the growing requirement for radiologists to have detailed knowledge of the individual tumors in which they are involved in making management decisions. A series of single subject issues, each of which will be dedicated to a single tumor site, edited by recognized expert guest editors, will include contributions from basic scientists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and others.
While the series is written predominantly for the radiologist, it is hoped that individual issues will contain sufficient varied information so as to be of interest to all medical disciplines and to other health professionals managing patients with cancer.